Olfactory (I) and optic (II) nerves have both an apparent origin from the basal forebrain, passing through the foramina of the anterior cranial fossa. This chapter briefly reviews most common diseases that cause CN disorders. According to the location, CN imaging allows to suggest pathophysiological hypotheses and etiologies including vascular, inflammatory, infectious, tumoral, traumatic, or dysfunctional disorders. Guided by medical history and clinical examination, and completed by neurophysiological and biological tests, radiologists have to select the appropriate modalities, to adapt the spatial coverage, and to choose the most relevant protocol.ĬN imaging has to demonstrate the location of the disease: into the brain (intraaxial), out of the brain and into the skull (extraaxial intracranial), out of the skull (extracranial). Beyond this regional common thread, CN imaging encompasses complex anatomical and technical considerations that need to be known for clinical practice.ĬN disorders are caused by a wide spectrum of diseases and imaging plays a major role in the etiological inquiry and the therapeutic planning. MRI is the modality of choice to investigate CN disorderĬT is useful to depict calcification and skull lesionĬranial nerves (CN) are 12 pairs of symmetrical nerves that apparently originate from the cerebrum (I, II) and the brainstem (III–XII). Master CN anatomy including nucleus, apparent origin, route, and target Painful CN disorder may reveal aneurysm and dissectionīe aware of clinical history, presentation, and biological tests for imaging interpretation Skull base lesions usually cause unilateral unique or multiple CN disorders.Įxtracranial lesions may cause unilateral unique or multiple CN disorders with craniocervical objective lesions. Intraaxial lesions usually cause multiple CN disorders in association with CNS dysfunctionsĮxtraaxial intracranial lesions may cause unique or multiple CN disorders with meningeal syndrome and intracranial hypertension To understand that different lesions can be found on the different anatomical segments of the cranial nerves (intraaxial, extraaxial intracranial, extracranial) and that dedicated imaging techniques are needed to investigate these different segments and various pathologies To know the imaging appearance of the most frequent cranial nerve lesions and be aware of associated CN disorders
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